Trichopria anastrephae as a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii in Strawberries.

In South America, the resident pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Costa Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) is a potential biological control agent of the pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). In the present study, we (1) examined the behavior of T. anastrephae towards different host (D. suzukii) and host-substrate (strawberry) cues in choice and non-choice bioassays in laboratory, and (2) examined the density-dependent parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii-infested strawberries in a greenhouse. When given a choice, female parasitoids walked longer over chambers with fruits infested with eggs, larvae, or pupae of D. suzukii, when compared to healthy uninfested strawberries, and over overripe fruits when compared to unripe or ripe fruits. In the greenhouse assay, we observed an increase in parasitism and a decrease in the number of D. suzukii emerging per fruit with an increase in the number of parasitoids released. Our results allow a better understanding of the behavior and parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii-infested strawberries and provide useful data for potential biological control programs using this parasitoid.

Reproductive Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Understanding these strategies is important for ecological purposes, but also to improve mass rearing of biological control agents. Here, we describe mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent, that has been considered for augmentative releases for management of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We studied the emergence pattern of males and females of T. anastrephae and the effects of parental ae on offspring number and sex ratio. Polygamy was also studied and its effects on parasitism and offspring production were described. Adults from this species emerge in the first hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when first mated influences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of offspring (8.16 parasitoids/day), while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of offspring (64% females). Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male affects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of offspring, with the first female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio (63.83 and 61% of females, respectively), but the lowest viability (92.92%). Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of offspring (113.05 parasitoids) when compared to virgin or single-mated females (135.20 and 130.70 parasitoids, respectively), but the highest sex ratio (49% of females). Data present in this study and how it can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and field releases of T. anastrephae, in biological control programs for D. suzukii are discussed.

TRANSFORMANDO MUROS: GRAFFITI COM ADOLESCENTES EM PRIVAÇÃO DE LIBERDADE / TRANSFORMING WALLS: GRAFFITI FOR TEENAGERS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW / MUROS TRANSFORMADORES: GRAFITI PARA ADOLESCENTES EN PRIVACIÓN DE LIBERTAD

Este estudo avalia uma intervenção de oficinas de graffiti, com adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade em um Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo de Florianópolis (SC). As oficinas visaram promover uma intervenção artística, espaço de expressão, fortalecimento de vínculos e formação ética-estética-política dos jovens. Foram realizados seis encontros com dois grupos (ala feminina e masculina) de 5 a 15 adolescentes (13 a 18 anos), bem como reuniões com a equipe técnica e os agentes socioeducativos. Posteriormente, foram conduzidos grupos focais com os participantes, sendo realizada análise de conteúdo temática e discussão com registros de diários de campo. Os resultados indicaram contribuição para o caráter socioeducativo da medida, coerente com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, pois houve opiniões positivas e protagonismo dos adolescentes, reflexões sobre ética e a dinâmica do Centro

This study evaluates an intervention of graffiti workshops with teenagers who had their liberty restricted by socio-educative measures inside a Socio-educative Center in Florianopolis (Brazil). The workshops attempted to promote an artistic intervention, a space for expression, strengthening the bonds and the ethicalesthetical-political growth of the teenagers. Six meetings were made with two groups (the female, and the male ward) with 5 to 15 teenagers (13 to 18 years old), as well as meetings with the technical team and the socio-educative agents. Afterwards, focal groups were conducted with the participants, with analysis of the subject theme and discussions with the field journey being made. The results pointed at contribution for the socio-educative character of the measure, coherent with the Brazilian code for the child and teenager, because there were positive opinions, the teenagers protagonism, as well as reflexions about ethics and the dynamics of the Center.

Este estudio evalúa la intervención de talleres de grafiti con adolescentes que cumplen con una medida socioeducativa de privación de libertad en un Centro de Servicios Socioeducativos de Florianópolis (Brasil). Los talleres tuvieron como objetivo promover una intervención artística, un espacio de expresión, fortalecer los lazos y la formación ética-estética-política de los jóvenes. Se llevaron a cabo seis reuniones con dos grupos (ala femenina y masculina) de 5 a 15 adolescentes (13 a 18 años), así como reuniones con el equipo técnico y los agentes socioeducativos. Posteriormente, se realizaron grupos focales con los participantes, con análisis de contenido temático y discusión con registros de diario de campo. Los resultados indicaron una contribución al carácter socioeducativo de la medida, de acuerdo con el Estatuto brasileño del Niño y el Adolescente, ya que hubo opiniones positivas, protagonismo de los adolescentes, reflexiones sobre la ética y la dinámica del Centro.